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標題: 長江萬里圖-南宋夏珪 [列印本頁]

作者: 小黑明融 時間: 2015-6-8 14:04:03 標題: 長江萬里圖-南宋夏珪

長江萬里圖-南宋夏珪

《長江萬里圖》是一幅長超過11公尺的手捲，畫卷的前半段，以接近平視的角度近景特寫岩塊、林木，以及江行的舟船，表現長江三峽險峻和波濤洶湧的景觀；後半段則是以俯視和遠觀的角度描繪江面上的活動，以及沿途所見秀麗的景色。從逼近觀者的景物，轉換到遼闊空曠的視野，這種構圖的方式具有戲劇性的效果。在畫卷最後，有元代鑑藏家柯九思的題字，鑑定這幅畫作者是南宋夏珪。

南宋夏珪，字禹玉，錢塘人，生卒年不詳，稍晚於馬遠，寧宗朝畫院待詔。他的山水畫在構圖和筆墨技法方面與馬遠非常相似，因此畫史上一向以馬、夏並稱。夏圭所作立軸和一些小幅的構圖，一方面與馬遠的構圖相類似，例如景物簡潔，善於利用遠近景和墨色濃淡的對比，使主題突出，富有詩意；一方面又有他自己的特色，馬遠的造境傾向於奇險，而夏圭則比較樸素、自然，更富於現實感。夏圭在用墨方面更善於掌握水分，筆墨交融，變化多端。畫山石常以側鋒濕筆快速揮掃，筆法秀逸，飄灑，有“拖泥帶水皴”之稱。這種皴法是大斧劈皴的一個變種，方法是飽醮濃墨迅疾側鋒皴拂，然後趁濕用淡墨水掃開，極淡處用淨水筆再接再掃，從濃到淡，從有到無，勾皴染一次完成。筆墨自然接合滲淡，顯出潮潤、深淺、光線種種變化痕跡，分外精彩動人。有人評價夏圭的畫“墨氣淋漓，高低醞釀，遠近濃淡，不繁而意足，更有不窮之趣”。總起來看夏圭作品的風格和馬遠既有共同點，又各有獨特的境界。馬、夏山水大量剪裁，突破全景程式而畫邊角之景，因被稱為“馬一角”、“夏半邊”。他們在藝術上的高度提煉，是對傳統山水畫的發展和豐富。

長卷截圖39P

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