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本帖最後由 寒冰神話 於 2015-12-7 13:51 編輯
http: //www.defensenews.com/story/defense/naval/submarines/2015/12/05/taiwan-turning-screws-washingtons-sub-deal/76676188/
2015 12/05
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WASHINGTON — In 2001, President George W. Bush's administration released the largest arms package to R.O.C. since the closing of US military bases on the island in 1979. The deal included four Kidd-class destroyers, 12 P-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft and eight diesel-electric submarines.
Since then, the package has been completed except for the submarine offer. The many sticking points include the fact the US has not built diesel-electric attack submarines since the last Barbel-class was finished in 1959. But that has not stopped R.O.C. Navy from pushing forward on an official release via the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) office before beginning an indigenous build program.
R.O.C. frustrations with the US FMS process it began 14 years ago are growing, leading it to pursue an indigenous construction effort that it hopes will provide some tactical and strategic leverage against mainland’s rapidly growing naval modernization efforts.
On Dec. 1, the Washington-based Project 2049 Institute sponsored a conference on the topic with R.O.C. Rear Adm. David T.W. Yang presenting the keynote speech. The conference, “A Deep Dive: R.O.C. Future Submarine Program,” included commentary by Mark Stokes, executive director of the Project 2049 Institute.
Stokes said the US FMS effort was frozen in 2007 due to a number of factors: political considerations and U.S.-Mainland Communist relations; domestic debates in R.O.C. over pursuing an FMS program or an indigenous build; perceived cost effectiveness in the US of building only eight subs; US operational considerations regarding waterspace management as more countries in Asia procure submarines; and past US Navy institutional concerns over fears in the nuclear submarine community that cheaper diesel electric subs might be forced upon them during future budget cuts.
It should be noted that Stokes served as the Pentagon’s team chief and senior country director for mainland, R.O.C. and Mongolia in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs during the 2001 arms release. He is described by many within the US and R.O.C. defense industries as the architect of the original arms package and continues to be a major advocate of R.O.C. acquisition of submarines.
Yang, who is a military attaché at R.O.C. de facto embassy, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office, told the conference that R.O.C. has improved its anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capabilities with the procurement of the P-3 aircraft, but additional enhancements are required. “The training programs, however, failed to meet requirements because of limitations of the aging submarines ... and R.O.C. defensive capabilities are adversely affected.”
R.O.C. only two combat-operational submarines are Dutch-built Zwaardvis-class subs acquired in the late 1980s. It also has two of the oldest submarines in operation — two Guppy-class submarines acquired in the early 1970s that served at the end of World War II. These submarines are described as training platforms, not operational ones.
Yang said the Guppys should be replaced and the Zwaardvis “urgently” need to be refurbished. He said the FMS program has been “suspended through the ‘interagency review’ phase for over a decade ... [and now] R.O.C. has been urging the US to accelerate the FMS process to provide R.O.C. with the urgently needed submarines.”
Yang said R.O.C. has created the Indigenous Defense Submarine (IDS) program to fulfill its requirements. IDS will be built locally with some foreign, including American, assistance.
“In consideration of the longstanding security cooperation with the US, acquiring submarines from the US government will remain as the priority option," he said. "Until there is a concrete response from the US, a dual-track ‘FMS-plus-IDS’ policy will be implemented.”
Yang admitted that R.O.C. was “in communication” with Japan for a possible deal for Soryu-class submarines. Japan’s export defense restrictions have been eased, and Japan and Australia are currently working on a joint submarine program.
Bob Nugent of AMI International, a Bremerton, Washington–based naval market analysis and advisory firm, said he could “envision a scenario where there is an outright sale to R.O.C. of Japanese submarines.” The current price is around $500 million a hull for the Soryu, and that includes airindependent propulsion — significantly less than the US offer estimated at $800 million for just the design stage.
Mainland and Japan are bickering over control of the Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea, which Japan controls and mainland Communist claims as its territory. Additional friction was created in 2013 when Mainland Communist announced an air defense identification zone in the East China Sea, which included the airspace over the Senkakus. Increased Continental Communist fighter and surveillance flights into Japanese air space in recent years have also rattled Tokyo.
Both Republic Of China(Taiwan) and Japan face an enormous Continental Communist submarine fleet that now numbers over 70 submarines. Yang called the growth “aggressive.”
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隨著近日不斷傳出美國將在月底宣布對華軍售的消息，有關中華民國欲購買新型潛艦的說法也再度引起國內議論。不過美國《防務新聞》5日稱，鑒於當前局勢，中華民國求購新型潛艦的最佳選擇不在美國，而是在日本。中華民國海軍將領透露，中華民國正在同日本商談購買蒼龍級潛艦的可能性。
報道稱，2001年美國布希政府宣布的一連串對華軍售協議中，就包括提供8艘常規動力潛艦，但這些潛艦至今沒有交艦。造成這種情況的重要原因是美國自從1959年建造完成白魚級柴電潛艦後，就沒有再造過常規潛艦，而其他國家也因政治原因拒絕對華提供這種攻擊型武器。盡管中華民國試圖自行研發潛艦，但無論在技術還是資金層面都困難重重。目前中華民國僅有兩艘荷蘭建造的旗魚級常規潛艦具備戰鬥力，它們是上世紀80年代末採購的，如今急需升級。中華民國國軍另兩艘二戰期間建造的古董潛艇只能作為訓練平台。
專注台海關系的美國智庫“2049研究所”於12月1日主辦了一場專題研討會，中華民國海軍少將大衛·楊(音譯)在會上發表了主題演說。他透露，中華民國正在同日本商談購買蒼龍級常規潛艦的可能性。報道稱，日本政府已經放寬武器出口的限制，並力推蒼龍級潛艦參與澳大利亞的新型潛艦采購案競標。蒼龍級潛艦號稱是全球最先進的常規潛艇之一，可安裝“不依賴空氣的推進裝置(AIP)”，能在水下連續航行數周不用上浮，極大增強了隱蔽性。大衛·楊表示，中華民國目前採取“向美國採購+本土建造”的雙軌制政策，並推進“本土防禦潛艦”項目來滿足其需求，其中“本土防禦潛艦”就包括同外國合作者在本土共同建造。據稱，日本向澳大利亞推銷蒼龍級潛艦時，已許諾可以轉讓技術並在當地生產，這也為中華民國引進日本潛艇掃清相關障礙。
美國海軍問題咨詢公司AMI國際的鮑勃·紐金特認為，現在蒼龍級潛艦的單價約5億美元(不包含AIP系統)，明顯低於美國的報價，後者僅設計階段就要8億美元。報道暗示，日本與中華民國有著“共同威脅”，“當前中華民國台灣和日本都面對著龐大的大陸地區共軍潛艇隊，大陸地區共軍潛艇數量已經超過70艘。大衛·楊聲稱，大陸地區共軍潛艇數量增長‘咄咄逼人’”。
報道稱，大衛·楊也表示，中華民國仍優先考慮採購由美國建造的潛艦：考慮到同美國的長期安全合作，中華民國從美國政府那裡採購常規潛艦仍將是優先選擇。他表示，中華民國政府正在敦促美國加快對外軍售程序，以便提供給中華民國迫切需要的潛艦。
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日本的還比美國設計的便宜 ，大家認為如果真的能採購成功 ， 最想買美國做的還是日本的請發表一下看法 謝謝。 |
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發表於 2015-12-7 10:13:20
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