西班牙高鐵相撞事故初步調查 推測鐵軌斷裂為肇因<<<咁係真也？

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西班牙高鐵相撞事故初步調查　推測鐵軌斷裂為肇因2026/1/24 08:48（1/24 09:01 更新）

（中央社記者胡家綺馬德里24日專電）西班牙南部18日發生高速鐵路列車脫軌相撞事故，造成45人罹難。當局初步調查報告23日出爐，推測「鐵軌斷裂」是導致列車出軌最可能的原因，但斷軌原因尚待進一步調查。

這起致命事故發生在西班牙南部安達魯西亞地區（Andalucía）哥多華省（Córdoba）。18日晚間，北上往馬德里的義大利民營高鐵Iryo列車行經阿達穆斯（Adamuz）小城時，末3節車廂脫軌至對向軌道，高速撞上自馬德里南下的西班牙國鐵（Renfe）Alvia列車，導致Alvia列車首2節車廂出軌並墜入深溝。

根據西班牙廣播電視公司（RTVE）報導，鐵路事故調查委員會（CIAF）初步調查報告在23日出爐，推論「鐵軌斷裂」是最可能的事故原因。

鐵路事故調查委員會分析國民警衛隊於現場發現的約40公分斷裂鐵軌以及其他鐵軌碎片、脫軌的Iryo列車車輪與事故前通過該鐵道的列車車輪後，推測出斷軌並非由列車撞擊所造成，而是在列車脫軌前即存在。

報告指出，在失事的Iryo列車第2至5節車廂車輪，以及事故發生前行駛過該路線的3列列車的車輪上，都發現缺口，經目視比對後，與鐵軌斷裂處的裂痕吻合。

鐵路事故調查委員會由此推斷，Iryo列車第6節車廂脫軌是因行經「完全不連續」的斷軌，因此拖曳著後面第7及8節車廂一起出軌；但他們強調，這僅是初步推測，尚待進一步驗證。

至於鐵軌斷裂的原因，鐵路事故調查委員會目前避免任何推測，僅指出尚未排除任何假設。下一步調查程序，是將斷裂的鐵軌樣本送到金相實驗室，以確定斷裂的具體細節。

對此，西班牙交通部長普恩特（Óscar Puente）假設，鐵軌可能存有製造缺陷，已指示西班牙鐵路基礎設施管理公司（ADIF）總裁德拉潘尼亞（Pedro Marco de la Peña）對事故路段的所有鐵軌進行徹底檢查。

德拉潘尼亞表示，鐵軌的焊接接縫都有經過多次檢查與複核。普恩特指出，發生事故的鐵道也已經過多次檢查。他表示，「鐵軌斷裂」在歐洲是個反覆出現的問題，歐洲鐵路局（ERA）每年都會收到約3000份斷軌報告。

普恩特解釋，斷軌並非由缺乏安全和控制系統造成的，但是「我們或許需要實施其他類型的控管措施」，因為在絕大多數情況下，斷軌不會造成嚴重事故，但阿達穆斯列車脫軌事故，卻造成非常不幸的後果。（編輯：謝怡璇）1150124

https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202601240015.aspx
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列車司機員要駕馭好機車頭其中一項指標就是列車的搖擺度有一定標準，搖擺過大除對行車安全是一種威脅，再則列車的轉向架設計也是列車搖擺度另一因素，對路軌更是一大挑戰。搖擺度過大，對I型鋼軌腹部是最要命的破壞，長時間的應力破壞，再好構件都會因金屬疲勞而斷裂，因此軌道平時巡檢工作就相當重要。

路軌斷裂，不見得就是路軌材料強度不足原因，其中還牽涉到列車員行駛與車輛轉向架等因素在內。所以鐵路行駛的平穩度相當重要，它需要很多技術上的配合，對安全更是關鍵中的關鍵。

希望引以為鑑，莫讓悲劇再次重演。

pushman

在x上有看過事故前仍安全通過的影片
通過事發路段列車嚴重搖晃
確實是路軌問題

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Spain's high-speed train crash: what happened?By Reuters January 20, 20261:27 AM GMT+8Updated January 20, 2026

MADRID, Jan 19 (Reuters) - Sunday's train collision and derailment in southern Spain killed at least 39 people and left 122 injured, with officials highlighting the "strange" nature of the accident on a straight stretch of railway, while one theory pointed to a broken rail joint.
Here is what we know so far:

The accident happened at 7:45 p.m. (1845 GMT) near the town of Adamuz in the province of Cordoba, about 360 km (223 miles) south of the capital Madrid.

It involved two high-speed trains, one operated by the private consortium Iryo and the other by Alvia, run by Spain's public railway company Renfe.
The last two out of eight carriages of the trademark-red Iryo train going from Malaga to Madrid derailed and hit the oncoming Alvia, causing the latter's first two carriages to derail and fall down an up to five-metre (16.4 feet) embankment.


https://www.reuters.com/graphics ... vw/index.html_2.jpg
Satellite image from Google Maps.

WHAT OFFICIALS ARE SAYING
There was a 20-second interval between the first derailment and the impact, too short to activate the automatic braking system, according to Renfe chief Alvaro Fernandez Heredia, who also said human error was practically ruled out.

"It must have been some kind of failure in the rolling stock or the infrastructure, and that will take time" to investigate, he said.
Officials said the Alvia had apparently hit the derailed carriages or undercarriage debris of the Iryo. The 27-year-old driver of the Alvia train died in the crash, Renfe said.
The Iryo train was carrying around 300 people and had just left the historic city of Cordoba. Its speed at the moment of the accident was 110 kph, well below the maximum limit of 250 kph on that stretch.
The oncoming train, carrying 187 people, was travelling at a speed of 205 kph, Renfe said.
The derailed Alvia carriages had 37 people in the first and 16 in the second. Most of the dead and injured came from the first two Alvia carriages.
Transport Minister Oscar Puente said that the Iryo was less than four years old and that the railway track had been completely renovated last May with an investment of 700 million euros ($813.5 million). Iryo said the train was last inspected on January 15.
Puente called the accident "tremendously strange" and said that had it not been for the oncoming train, the derailment would have likely caused no deaths.

FAULTY JOINT A POSSIBLE CAUSE?
A source briefed on initial investigations told Reuters experts had found a broken joint, which possibly created a gap between the rail sections and they believed it to be key to identifying the precise cause of the accident.
The Transport Ministry only said the joint had broken as a result of the accident, but not before and would not provide further comment. The state-owned rail infrastructure administrator ADIF did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the claim.
Jose Trigueros, president of the Association of Road Engineers, said his preliminary analysis suggested "failure of the undercarriage of the back units" of the Iryo train.
While he did not rule out a problem with the track, he said nightly inspections with tamping machines were meant to detect any rail fatigue, in which case the control centre automatically reduces the circulation speed.

PREVIOUS PROBLEMS
Train drivers' union SEMAF had warned ADIF in a letter last August of severe wear and tear to the railway track where the two trains collided, according to a copy of the letter seen by Reuters, saying potholes, bumps, and imbalances in overhead power lines were causing frequent breakdowns and damaging the trains.
ADIF did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
According to a Reuters review of alerts on ADIF's X account, it has previously reported problems with infrastructure at Adamuz, from signal failures to issues with overhead power lines, that caused delays to high-speed trains between Madrid and Andalusia 10 times since 2022.
Iryo is a joint venture between Italian state railway operator Ferrovie dello Stato, airline Air Nostrum and Spanish infrastructure investment fund Globalvia. It began operating in November 2022, starting with the Madrid-Barcelona route and expanding to other major cities.
Iryo's ETR1000 train is manufactured by the partnership of Hitachi Rail-Bombardier in Europe for Ferrovie's unit Trenitalia. Renfe's Alvia trains are manufactured by local makers CAF and Talgo.rer for Renfe, and its cover provides passengers or their beneficiaries with compensation. Everest declined to comment on details of the policy period, deductible and triggers when approached by The Insurer.

Reporting by Victoria Waldersee, Aislinn Laing, David Latona, Emma Pinedo, Andrei Khalip; writing by Andrei Khalip; Editing by Sharon Singleton and Ros Russell
https://www.reuters.com/world/eu ... appened-2026-01-19/
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